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suomiLue artikkeli suomeksi svenska EnglishRead article in English

Även visstidsanställningar kan öppna karriären för utländska studerande i Finland

arbets- och näringsministeriet
Utgivningsdatum 9.9.2025 8.49
Typ:Kolumn

Regeln om tre/sex månader, som trädde i kraft i juni 2025, bestämmer hur lång tid utländska arbetstagare har för att söka ett nytt arbete efter att anställningsförhållandet har upphört i förtid. Regelns konsekvenser är dock mer begränsade än man trott. Den gäller till exempel inte internationella högskolestuderande som söker arbete efter utexamineringen från en finländsk högskola.

Låt oss först upprepa de grundläggande principerna för regeln om tre/sex månaders arbetslöshet. Om arbetet upphör i förtid tryggar lagen utländska arbetstagare tid för att söka nytt arbete i Finland. Bland annat specialsakkunniga och personer som arbetat i Finland i över två år har sex månader på sig att hitta ett nytt arbete, övriga arbetstagare har tre månader. Under denna tid återkallas inte uppehållstillståndet.

Tanken med regeln om arbetslöshet är att arbetskraftsinvandringen i enlighet med sitt namn ska basera sig på arbete. Regeln inverkar endast på situationer där en visstidsanställning upphör tidigare än avtalat eller ett anställningsförhållande som gäller tills vidare upphör.

I övriga situationer agerar man på samma sätt som tidigare. Om visstidsanställningen upphör i förtid, upphör uppehållstillståndet samtidigt att gälla. En utländsk arbetstagare ska då skaffa sig ett nytt jobb eller ansöka om ett annat slags uppehållstillstånd, om han eller hon vill stanna i Finland. 

Regeln om arbetslöshet gäller inte alla

Den nya lagstiftningen har varit i kraft endast en kort tid. Det är förståeligt att den har väckt frågor. Regeln gäller dock en begränsad grupp eftersom den endast gäller arbetsrelaterade uppehållstillstånd. Den inverkar inte på permanenta uppehållstillstånd, tillstånd för studerande eller familjemedlemmar, EU-medborgare eller finska medborgare.

Regeln om arbetslöshet gäller inte heller uppehållstillstånd för att söka arbete för internationella studerande och forskare. Efter examen kan studerande och forskare ansöka om två års uppehållstillstånd för att söka arbete eller starta företag. På så sätt uppmuntrar vi dem att stanna kvar i Finland för att arbeta och etablera sig i det finländska samhället. När man hittar ett arbete kan man också arbeta med uppehållstillståndet för arbetssökande.

Det lönar sig alltså för internationella högskolestuderande att efter examen ta emot visstidsanställningar utan oro, eftersom regeln inte gäller uppehållstillståndet för arbetssökande. Ett kort anställningsförhållande kan öppna dörren till en karriär i Finland. 

Om den studerande redan har ett arbete efter avlagd examen och kan få ett tillstånd baserat på arbete, ska han eller hon ansöka om det i stället för uppehållstillstånd för arbetssökande. Med detta tillstånd omfattas arbetstagaren också av regeln om arbetslöshet. Uppehållstillstånd för arbetssökande kan dock sökas när som helst inom fem år från det att uppehållstillståndet för studerande upphörde, det vill säga förmånerna kan också utnyttjas senare.

Lagstiftningen förtydligar utländska arbetstagares ställning

Även om regeln om arbetslöshet i sig är ny har den inte medfört några stora förändringar i Migrationsverkets verksamhet. En skyddstid på tre månader har varit praxis ända sedan 2023. Jobbsökningstiden tryggades helt enkelt inte i lagen, såsom numera. 

Finlands lagstiftning stämmer överens med den i andra EU-medlemsländer. Våren 2026 ska alla EU-medlemsstater införa regeln om arbetslöshet där utländska arbetstagare garanteras minst tre månader för att söka arbete. I Finland följer man i fortsättningen noggrant både konsekvenserna av vår lagstiftning och andra länders lösningar.

Jarmo Tiukkanen, regeringsråd
arbets- och näringsministeriet

Frågor och svar om regeln om tre/sex månaders arbetslöshet
Jarmo Tiukkanen
arbete arbetslöshet flyttning företag invandrare invandring lagstiftning organisationer uppehållstillstånd
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